vice

• n. 恶习；缺点；[机] 老虎钳；卖淫
• prep. 代替
• vt. 钳住
• adj. 副的；代替的
• n. (Vice)人名；(塞)维采

词态变化

中文词源

来自拉丁语vitium,缺陷，过错，污点，字母c，t音变，词源同vicious,vitiate。引申词义罪行。

英文词源

vice

vice: Including the prefix vice-, English has three distinct words vice. The oldest, ‘wickedness’ [13], comes via Old French vice from Latin vitium ‘defect, offence’, which also gave English vicious [14], vitiate [16], and vituperate [16]. Vice ‘tool for holding’ [14] was acquired via Old French viz from Latin vītis.

This came to denote ‘vine’ (in which sense it gave English viticulture ‘vine-growing’ [19]), but originally it signified ‘tendril’, and it was this that lay behind the original meanings of English vice: ‘winding staircase’ and ‘screw’. Its modern application began to emerge in the 15th century, and derived from the notion of jaws being opened and closed by means of a ‘screw’.

The prefix vice- [15] comes from Latin vice ‘in place of’, the ablative case of vicis ‘change’ (source of English vicar, vicissitude, etc).
=> vicious, vitiate, vituperate; viticulture

vice (n.1)

"moral fault, wickedness," c. 1300, from Old French vice "fault, failing, defect, irregularity, misdemeanor" (12c.), from Latin vitium "defect, offense, blemish, imperfection," in both physical and moral senses (in Medieval Latin also vicium; source also of Italian vezzo "usage, entertainment"), from PIE *wi-tio-, from root *wei- (3) "vice, fault, guilt."

Horace and Aristotle have already spoken to us about the virtues of their forefathers and the vices of their own times, and through the centuries, authors have talked the same way. If all this were true, we would be bears today. [Montesquieu]

Vice squad "special police unit targeting prostitution, narcotics, gambling, etc.," is attested from 1905, American English. Vice anglais "fetish for corporal punishment," literally "the English vice," is attested from 1942, from French. In Old French, the seven deadly sins were les set vices.

vice (n.2)

"tool for holding," see vise.

双语例句

1. I think that the vice president was in the loop.

我认为副总统是局内人。

来自柯林斯例句

2. The vice-president seems to have a good working relationship with the president.

副总统似乎与总统有着良好的工作关系。

来自柯林斯例句

3. His vice president also had to resign in disgrace.

他的副总统也被迫不光彩地辞去职务。

来自柯林斯例句

4. Vice-presidents' wives would fill in for first ladies.

副总统夫人们将临时代替各位第一夫人。

来自柯林斯例句

5. Tim Munton becomes the new vice-captain.

蒂姆·芒顿成为新的副队长。

来自柯林斯例句